Geotechnical engineering is caring sustaining a engineering properties of earth materials. Geotechnical engineers investigate a soil and rock below the ground to determine its properties, and so project foundations for even human-semisynthetic structures rest on the ground, like buildings or bridges. It as well project structures built around or even even of soil or rock. A foundations built for above-ground structures include shallow foundations (footings), deep foundations (piles & drilled piers), and retaining walls. Dams and embankments are structures built of soil or even rock; tunnels are structures built across soil or even rock. Geotechnical engineers as well assess a chance to human being, property & the epa from either natural hazards like landslides, rubble flows, & rock lessens (entirely involving natural materials).

Soil investigations
In Situ Methods
SPT - Standard Penetration Test CPT - Cone Penetration Test CPM - Cone Pressuremeter Test DMT - Flat Shell Dilatometer Test PMT - Pre-bored Pressuremeter Test VST - Vane Shear Test

Geophysical Methods
Mechanical waves (pressure, shear, & Rayleigh waves) Crosshole method Downhole method (Seismic CPT) Surface wave methods (e.g., SASW & MASW) Seismal reflection Seismal refraction Electromagnetic (radio detection and ranging, electric resistance)

Lab tests
Atterberg Limits Direct Shear Test Unimprisoned compression Triaxial Tests Video - Consolidated drained CU - Consolidated undrained UU - Unconsolidated undrained Oedometer Test